The planning process comprises following steps:
- Setting goals or objectives : The first step is to set the goal for which the plans are to be made.It can be a goal for production,marketing,sales, etc.
- Developing promises or assumptions : Under this step all necessary information regarding the plan are collected through different sources to make a production plan more informative regarding the condition, etc.
- Finding alternatives : Under this step the phase different alternatives for performance of given task are found after discussion and observation.
- Selecting best alternatives : At this step the best alternative is selected out of available alternatives after considering all aspects and circumstances.Sometimes it may be a combination of two or more parts.
- Implementing plan : Under this step the best alternative is implemented and put into action.
- Feed back or checking results : After imputation the feed back data is collected. This data can be used for the next time to make the plans.
- Analysis of opportunities : First of all the available opportunities must be carefully analysed, after analyzing different techniques like SWOT analysis and risk analysis can be performed on it.
Barriers to Effective Planning
1. Poor Communication is one of the major barriers of planning.If it is not properly communicated the process of planning gets complicated.Poor communication may be caused by undeveloped skills,rivalries,misunderstandings of the planning process or excessive complexity in the plan.
2. Resistance to Planning People get resistant to a particular plan if they don't like the idea.Resistance to planning for change within organisations can take the form of low morale and dissatisfaction among employees.
3. Insufficient resource Plans may be unsuccessful because of insufficient resources available in the organisation.
4. Uncertainties or unflexibilities Internal as well as external unflexibilities or uncertainties may be matter, how tough a planning process is,the future always holds surprises and there are many things unknown and unexpected to us.An extremely good and well laid plan for a company expansion or a new product line may be flopped by an unexpected economic crash.
5. Rigid towards past experiences It is human tendency to base his thoughts, expectations and activities on the past experiences.In planning process t becomes liability and hampers his innovativeness and creative thinking.
Inertia fear of change has made many good plans unsuccessful in large organisations.Inertia is created by combination of archaic infrastructure,calcified modes of thinking,oversize bureaucracy and fear of change.
6. Lack of resources The lack of resources in terms of time and money may lead to the barrier to planning. A plan cannot be executed successfully unless proper time and money is provided.
If the plan itself has so many limitations or drawbacks, then it itself acts as a barrier in making the plan unsuccessful.
Features of Good Planning
1. Poor Communication is one of the major barriers of planning.If it is not properly communicated the process of planning gets complicated.Poor communication may be caused by undeveloped skills,rivalries,misunderstandings of the planning process or excessive complexity in the plan.
2. Resistance to Planning People get resistant to a particular plan if they don't like the idea.Resistance to planning for change within organisations can take the form of low morale and dissatisfaction among employees.
3. Insufficient resource Plans may be unsuccessful because of insufficient resources available in the organisation.
4. Uncertainties or unflexibilities Internal as well as external unflexibilities or uncertainties may be matter, how tough a planning process is,the future always holds surprises and there are many things unknown and unexpected to us.An extremely good and well laid plan for a company expansion or a new product line may be flopped by an unexpected economic crash.
5. Rigid towards past experiences It is human tendency to base his thoughts, expectations and activities on the past experiences.In planning process t becomes liability and hampers his innovativeness and creative thinking.
Inertia fear of change has made many good plans unsuccessful in large organisations.Inertia is created by combination of archaic infrastructure,calcified modes of thinking,oversize bureaucracy and fear of change.
6. Lack of resources The lack of resources in terms of time and money may lead to the barrier to planning. A plan cannot be executed successfully unless proper time and money is provided.
If the plan itself has so many limitations or drawbacks, then it itself acts as a barrier in making the plan unsuccessful.
Features of Good Planning
- Planning should be linked to long term process.
- Planning involves selection of suitable course of action.
- Planning is undertaken at all levels of organisation.
- It is flexible as commitment is based on future conditions.
- It should be pervasive and continuous.
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